It later superseded Fustat as the main urban centre during the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods (12th–16th centuries). Under the Fatimid dynasty a new city, al-Qāhirah, was founded nearby in 969.
Located near the Nile Delta, the city first developed as Fustat, a settlement founded after the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 640 next to an existing ancient Roman fortress, Babylon. Cairo is associated with ancient Egypt, as the Giza pyramid complex and the ancient cities of Memphis and Heliopolis are located in its geographical area. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metropolitan area, with a population of 21.9 million, is the 12th-largest in the world by population. Cairo ( / ˈ k aɪ r oʊ/ KY-roh Arabic: القاهرة, romanized: al-Qāhirah, pronounced ) is the capital of Egypt and the city-state Cairo Governorate, and is the country's largest city, home to 10 million people.
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